/* CSVReader - a simple open source C# class library to read CSV data
 * by Andrew Stellman - http://www.stellman-greene.com/CSVReader
 * 
 * StringConverter.cs - Class to convert strings to typed objects
 * 
 * download the latest version: http://svn.stellman-greene.com/CSVReader
 * 
 * (c) 2008, Stellman & Greene Consulting
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of Stellman & Greene Consulting nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY STELLMAN & GREENE CONSULTING ''AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL STELLMAN & GREENE CONSULTING BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 * 
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Com.StellmanGreene.CSVReader
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Static class to convert strings to typed values
    /// </summary>
    public static class StringConverter
    {
        public static Type ConvertString(string value, out object convertedValue)
        {
            // First check the whole number types, because floating point types will always parse whole numbers
            // Start with the smallest types
            byte byteResult;
            if (byte.TryParse(value, out byteResult))
            {
                convertedValue = byteResult;
                return typeof(byte);
            }

            short shortResult;
            if (short.TryParse(value, out shortResult))
            {
                convertedValue = shortResult;
                return typeof(short);
            }

            int intResult;
            if (int.TryParse(value, out intResult))
            {
                convertedValue = intResult;
                return typeof(int);
            }

            long longResult;
            if (long.TryParse(value, out longResult))
            {
                convertedValue = longResult;
                return typeof(long);
            }

            ulong ulongResult;
            if (ulong.TryParse(value, out ulongResult))
            {
                convertedValue = ulongResult;
                return typeof(ulong);
            }

            // No need to check the rest of the unsigned types, which will fit into the signed whole number types

            // Next check the floating point types
            float floatResult;
            if (float.TryParse(value, out floatResult))
            {
                convertedValue = floatResult;
                return typeof(float);
            }


            // It's not clear that there's anything that double.TryParse() and decimal.TryParse() will parse 
            // but which float.TryParse() won't
            double doubleResult;
            if (double.TryParse(value, out doubleResult))
            {
                convertedValue = doubleResult;
                return typeof(double);
            }

            decimal decimalResult;
            if (decimal.TryParse(value, out decimalResult))
            {
                convertedValue = decimalResult;
                return typeof(decimal);
            }

            // It's not a number, so it's either a bool, char or string
            bool boolResult;
            if (bool.TryParse(value, out boolResult))
            {
                convertedValue = boolResult;
                return typeof(bool);
            }

            char charResult;
            if (char.TryParse(value, out charResult))
            {
                convertedValue = charResult;
                return typeof(char);
            }

            convertedValue = value;
            return typeof(string);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compare two types and find a type that can fit both of them
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="typeA">First type to compare</param>
        /// <param name="typeB">Second type to compare</param>
        /// <returns>The type that can fit both types, or string if they're incompatible</returns>
        public static Type FindCommonType(Type typeA, Type typeB)
        {
            // Build the singleton type map (which will rebuild it in a typesafe manner
            // if it's not already built).
            BuildTypeMap();

            if (!typeMap.ContainsKey(typeA))
                return typeof(string);

            if (!typeMap[typeA].ContainsKey(typeB))
                return typeof(string);

            return typeMap[typeA][typeB];
        }


        // Dictionary to map two types to a common type that can hold both of them
        private static Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, Type>> typeMap = null;

        // Locker object to build the singleton typeMap in a typesafe manner
        private static object locker = new object();

        /// <summary>
        /// Build the singleton type map in a typesafe manner.
        /// This map is a dictionary that maps a pair of types to a common type.
        /// So typeMap[typeof(float)][typeof(uint)] will return float, while
        /// typemap[typeof(char)][typeof(bool)] will return string.
        /// </summary>
        private static void BuildTypeMap()
        {
            lock (locker)
            {
                if (typeMap == null)
                {
                    typeMap = new Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, Type>>()
                    {
                        // Comparing byte
                        {typeof(byte), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(byte) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(short) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(int) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing short
                        {typeof(short), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(short) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(short) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(int) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing int
                        {typeof(int), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(int) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(int) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(int) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing long
                        {typeof(long), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(long) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing ulong
                        {typeof(ulong), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(ulong) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing float
                        {typeof(float), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(float) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing double
                        {typeof(double), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(double) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing decimal
                        {typeof(decimal), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing bool
                        {typeof(bool), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(bool) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing char
                        {typeof(char), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(char) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                        // Comparing string
                        {typeof(string), new Dictionary<Type, Type>() {
                            { typeof(byte), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(short), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(int), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(long), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(ulong), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(float), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(double), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(decimal), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(bool), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(char), typeof(string) },
                            { typeof(string), typeof(string) },
                        }},

                    };
                }
            }
        }
    }
}